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Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement Briefing Booklet

Briefing

Briefing booklet explains SF 312 nondisclosure agreement, outlining legal basis, responsibilities to protect classified data, and penalties for violations

Disclosure Rating — 5/10

The following text reproduces the entire "Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement (Standard Form 312) Briefing Booklet" issued by the Information Security Oversight Office.

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     __________________________________________________________________

   FAS Note: This Briefing Booklet pertains to the 2000 edition of the
   SF-312 issued by ISOO. It was superseded and replaced in July 2013 by
   the SF312 issued by the Director of National Intelligence.
     __________________________________________________________________

               Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement
                             (Standard Form 312)
                              Briefing Booklet

     This booklet provides you with information about the "Classified
     Information Nondisclosure Agreement," also known as the "SF 312." It
     includes a brief discussion of the background and purpose of the SF
     312; the text of pertinent legislative and executive authorities; a
     series of questions and answers on its implementation; and a copy of
     the SF 312. Each organization may wish to supplement this booklet
     with additional guidance that addresses problems or circumstances
     unique to it.

     This booklet should be available in the offices of those persons who
     brief individuals about the SF 312, e.g., security managers,
     security education specialists, or supervisors. Further, all persons
     who are asked to execute the SF 312, or have executed it or its
     predecessors, the SF 189 or SF 189-A, should have the opportunity to
     receive or borrow a copy upon request.

     For additional guidance, please contact your security manager,
     supervisor or legal counsel within your organization. If questions
     concerning the SF 312 cannot be answered within your organization,
     please bring them to the attention of ISOO, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue,
     N.W., Washington, D.C. 20408, telephone number (202) 219-5250.
       _______________________________________________________________

                           BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

     As an employee of the Federal Government or one of its contractors,
     licensees, or grantees who occupies a position which requires access
     to classified information, you have been the subject of a personnel
     security investigation. The purpose of this investigation was to
     determine your trustworthiness for access to classified information.
     When the investigation was completed, your employing or sponsoring
     department or agency granted you a security clearance based upon a
     favorable determination of the investigation results. By being
     granted a security clearance, you have met the first of three
     requirements necessary to have access to classified information.

     The second requirement that you must fulfill is to sign a
     "Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement," the SF 312. The
     President first established this requirement in a directive that
     states: "All persons with authorized access to classified
     information shall be required to sign a nondisclosure agreement as a
     condition of access." This requirement is reiterated in the
     executive order on classified national security information. The SF
     312 is a contractual agreement between the U.S. Government and you,
     a cleared employee, in which you agree never to disclose classified
     information to an unauthorized person. Its primary purpose is to
     inform you of (1) the trust that is placed in you by providing you
     access to classified information; (2) your responsibilities to
     protect that information from unauthorized disclosure; and (3) the
     consequences that may result from your failure to meet those
     responsibilities. Additionally, by establishing the nature of this
     trust, your responsibilities, and the potential consequences of
     noncompliance in the context of a contractual agreement, if you
     violate that trust, the United States will be better able to prevent
     an unauthorized disclosure or to discipline you for such a
     disclosure by initiating a civil or administrative action.

     The third and final requirement for access to classified information
     is the "need-to-know;" that is, you must have a need to know the
     information in order to perform your official duties. The holder of
     classified information to which you seek access is responsible for
     confirming your identity, your clearance, and your "need-to-know."
     As a holder of classified information, you are responsible for
     making these same determinations with respect to any individual to
     whom you may disclose it.

     As a cleared employee you should receive, according to paragraph No.
     2 of the SF 312, a "security indoctrination briefing concerning the
     nature and protection of classified information, including
     procedures to be followed in ascertaining whether other persons to
     whom you contemplate disclosing this informationhave been approved
     for access to it...." After you receive such a briefing, you should
     have a basic understandingof the following:

     * What is classified information?
     * How do you protect it?
     * Who may have access to it?
     * How does the classification system function?

     A variety of educational materials are available that provide
     answers to these questions. Several training methods may be used to
     convey this information, including briefings, interactive videos,
     and dissemination of instructional materials. Contact your security
     manager for more information.
       _______________________________________________________________

                    LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES

     Title 18, United States Code

     Section 641. Public money, property or records

     Whoever embezzles, steals, purloins, or knowingly converts his use
     or the use of another, or without authority, sells, conveys or
     disposes of any record, voucher, money, or thing of value of the
     United States or of any department or agency thereof, or any
     property made or being made under contract for the United States or
     any department or agency thereof; or

     Whoever receives, conceals, or retains the same with intent to
     convert it to his use or gain, knowing it to have been embezzled,
     stolen, purloined or converted--

     Shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten
     years, or both; but if the value of such property does not exceed
     the sum of $100, he shall be fined not more than $1,000 or
     imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

     The word "value" means face, par, or market value, or cost price,
     either wholesale or retail, whichever is greater.
       _______________________________________________________________

     Title 18, United States Code

     Sec. 793. Gathering, transmitting or losing defense information

     (a) Whoever, for the purpose of obtaining information respecting the
     national defense with intent or reason to believe that the
     information is to be used to the injury of the United States, or to
     the advantage of any foreign nation, goes upon, enters, flies over,
     or otherwise obtains information concerning any vessel, aircraft,
     work of defense, navy yard, naval station, submarine base, fueling
     station, fort, battery, torpedo station, dockyard, canal, railroad,
     arsenal, camp, factory, mine, telegraph, telephone, wireless, or
     signal station, building, office, research laboratory or station or
     other place connected with the national defense owned or
     constructed, or in progress of construction by the United States or
     under the control of the United States, or of of its officers,
     departments, or agencies, or within the exclusive jurisdiction of
     the United States, or any place in which any vessel, aircraft, arms,
     munitions, or other materials or instruments for use in time of war
     are being made, prepared, repaired, stored, or are the subject of
     research or development, under any contract or agreement with the
     United States, or any department or agency thereof, or with any
     person on behalf of the United States, or otherwise on behalf of the
     United States, or any prohibited place so designated by the
     President by proclamation in time of war or in case of national
     emergency in which anything for the use of the Army, Navy, or Air
     Force is being prepared or constructed or stored, information as to
     which prohibited place the President has determined would be
     prejudicial to the national defense; or

     (b) Whoever, for the purpose aforesaid, and with like intent or
     reason to believe, copies, takes, makes, or obtains, or attempts to
     copy, take, make, or obtain, any sketch, photograph, photographic
     negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, instrument, appliance,
     document, writing, or note of anything concerned with the national
     defense; or

     (c) Whoever, for the purpose aforesaid, receives or obtains or
     agrees or attempts to receive or obtain from any person, or from any
     source whatever, document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch,
     photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model,
     instrument, appliance, or note, of anything connected with the
     national defense, knowing or having reason to believe, at the time
     he receives or obtains, or agrees or attempts to receive or obtain
     it, that it has been or will be obtained, taken, made. or disposed
     of by any person contrary to the provisions of this chapter; or

     (d) Whoever, lawfully having possession of, access to, control over,
     or being entrusted with any document, writing, code book, signal
     book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan,
     map, model, instrument, appliance, or note relating to the national
     defense, or information relating to the national defense which
     information the possessor has reason to believe could be used to the
     injury of the United States or to the advantage of any foreign
     nation, willfully communicates, delivers, transmits or causes to be
     communicated, delivered, or transmitted or attempts to communicate,
     deliver, transmit or cause to be communicated, delivered or
     transmitted the same to any person not entitled to receive it, or
     willfully retains the same and fails to deliver it on demand to the
     officer or employee of the United States entitled to receive it; or

     (e) Whoever, having unauthorized possession of, access to, or
     control over any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch,
     photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model,
     instrument, appliance, or note relating to the national defense, or
     information relating to the national defense which information the
     possessor has reason to believe could be used to the injury of the
     United States or to the advantage of any foreign nation, willfully
     communicates, delivers, transmits or causes to be communicated,
     delivered, or transmitted, or attempts to communicate, deliver,
     transmit or cause to be communicated, delivered, or transmitted the
     same to any person not entitled to receive it, or willfully retains
     the same and fails to deliver it to the officer or employee of the
     United States entitled to receive it; or

     (f) Whoever, being entrusted with or having lawful possession or
     control of any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch,
     photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model,
     instrument, appliance, note, or information, relating to the
     national defense, (1) through gross negligence permits the same to
     be removed from its proper place of custody or delivered to anyone
     in violation of his trust, or to be lost, stolen, abstracted, or
     destroyed, or (2) having knowledge that the same has been illegally
     removed from its proper place of custody or delivered to anyone in
     violation of its trust, or lost, or stolen, abstracted, or
     destroyed, and fails to make prompt report of such loss, theft,
     abstraction, or destruction to his superior officer--

     Shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten
     years, or both.

     (g) If two or more persons conspire to violate any of the foregoing
     provisions of this section, and one or more of such persons do any
     act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to
     such conspiracy shall be subject to the punishment provided for the
     offense which is the object of such conspiracy.
       _______________________________________________________________

     Title 18, United States Code

     Section 794. Gathering or delivering defense information to aid
     foreign government

     (a) Whoever, with intent or reason to believe that it is to be used
     to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of a foreign
     nation, communicates, delivers, or transmits, or attempts to
     communicate, deliver, or transmit, to any foreign government, or to
     any faction or party or military or naval force in a foreign
     country, whether recognized or unrecognized by the United States, or
     to any representative, officer, agent, employee, subject, or citizen
     thereof, either directly or indirectly, any document, writing, code
     book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative,
     blueprint, plan, map, model, note, instrument, appliance, or
     information relating to the national defense, shall be punished by
     death or by imprisonment for any term of years or for life.

     (b) Whoever, in time of war, with intent that the same shall be
     communicated to the enemy, collects, records, publishes, or
     communicates, or attempts to elicit any information with respect to
     the movement, numbers, description, condition, or disposition of any
     of the Armed Forces, ships, aircraft, or war materials of the United
     States, or with respect to the plans or conduct, or supposed plans
     or conduct of any naval or military operations, or with respect to
     any works or measures undertaken for or connected with, or intended
     for the fortification or defense of any place, or any other
     information relating to the public defense, which might be useful to
     the enemy, shall be punished by death or by imprisonment for any
     term of years or for life.

     (c) If two or more persons conspire to violate this section, and one
     or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the
     conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be subject
     to the punishment provided for the offense which is the object of
     such conspiracy.
       _______________________________________________________________

     Title 18, United States Code

     Section 798. Disclosure of classified information

     (a) Whoever knowingly and willfully communicates, furnishes,
     transmits, or otherwise makes available to an unauthorized person,
     or publishes, or uses in any manner prejudicial to the safety or
     interest of the United States or for the benefit of any foreign
     government to the detriment of the United States any classified
     information--

     (1) concerning the nature, preparation, or use of any code, cipher,
     or cryptographic system of the United States or any foreign
     government; or

     (2) concerning the design, construction, use, maintenance, or repair
     of any device, apparatus, or appliance used or prepared or planned
     for use by the United States or any foreign government for
     cryptographic or communication intelligence purposes; or

     (3) concerning the communication intelligence activities of the
     United States or any foreign government; or

     (4) obtained by the process of communication intelligence from the
     communications of any foreign government, knowing the same to have
     been obtained by such processes--

     Shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten
     years, or both.

     (b) As used in subsection (a) of this section--

     The term "classified information" means information which, at the
     time of a violation of this section, is, for reasons of national
     security, specifically designated by a United States Government
     Agency for limited or restricted dissemination or distribution;

     The terms "code," "cipher," and "cryptographic system" include in
     their meanings, in addition to their usual meanings, any method of
     secret writing and any mechanical or electrical device or method
     used for the purpose of disguising or concealing the contents,
     significance, or meanings of communications;

     The term "foreign government" includes in its meaning any person or
     persons acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of any faction,
     party, department, agency, bureau, or military force of or within a
     foreign country, or for or on behalf of any government or any person
     or persons purporting to act as a government within a foreign
     country, whether or not such government is recognized by the United
     States;

     The term "communication intelligence" means all procedures and
     methods used in the interception of communications and the obtaining
     of information such communications by other than the intended
     recipients;

     The term "unauthorized person" means any person who, or agency
     which, is not authorized to receive information of the categories
     set forth in subsection (a) of this section, by the President, or by
     the head of a department or agency of the United States Government
     which is expressly designated by the President to engage in
     communication intelligence activities for the United States.

     (c) Nothing in this section shall prohibit the furnishing, upon
     lawful demand, of information to any regularly constituted committee
     of the Senate or House of Representatives of the United States of
     America, or joint committee thereof.
       _______________________________________________________________

     Title 18, United States Code

     Section 952. Diplomatic codes and correspondence

     Whoever, by virtue of his employment by the United States, obtains
     from another or has or has had custody of or access to, any official
     diplomatic code, or any matter prepared in any such code, or which
     purports to have been prepared in any such code, and without
     authorization or competent authority, willfully publishes or
     furnishes to another any such code or matter, or any matter which
     was obtained while in the process of transmission between any
     foreign government and its diplomatic mission in the United States,
     shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten
     years, or both.

     Section 1924. Unauthorized removal and retention of classified
     documents or material

     (a) Whoever, being an officer, employee, contractor, or consultant
     of the United States, and, by virtue of his office, employment,
     position, or contract, becomes possessed of documents or materials
     containing classified material of the United States, knowingly
     remove such documents or materials without authority and with the
     intent to retain such documents or materials at an unauthorized
     location shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned for not
     more than one year, or both.

     (b) For purposes of this section, the provision of documents and
     materials to the Congress shall not constitute an offense under
     subsection (a).

     (c) In this section, the term "classified information of the United
     States" means information originated, owned, or possessed by the
     United States Government concerning the national defense or foreign
     relations of the United States that has been determined pursuant to
     law or Executive order to require protection against unauthorized
     disclosure in the interests of national security.
       _______________________________________________________________

     Title 50, United States Code

     Section 783. Offenses

     (b) Communication of classified information by Government officer or
     employee

     It shall be unlawful for any officer or employee of the United
     States or of any department or agency thereof, or of any corporation
     the stock of which is owned in whole or in major part by the United
     States or any department or agency thereof, to communicate in any
     manner or by any means, to any other person whom such officer or
     employee knows or has reason to believe to be an agent or
     representative of any foreign government or an officer or member of
     any Communist organization as defined in paragraph (5) of section
     782 of this title, any information of a kind which shall have been
     classified by the President (or by the head of any such department,
     agency, or corporation with the approval of the President) as
     affecting the security of the United States, knowing or having
     reason to know that such information has been so classified, unless
     such officer or employee shall have been specifically authorized by
     the President, or by the head of the department, agency, or
     corporation by which this officer or employee is employed, to make
     such disclosure of such information.
       _______________________________________________________________

     Title 5, United States Code

     Section 2302. Prohibited personnel practices

     (b) Any employee who has authority to take, direct others to take,
     recommend, or approve any personnel action, shall not, with respect
     to such authority--

     (8) take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, a
     personnel action with respect to any employee or applicant for
     employment because of

     (A) any disclosures of information by an employee or applicant which
     the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences--

   (i) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or
       (ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of
       authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or
       safety, if such disclosure is not specifically prohibited by law
       and if such information is specifically required by Executive order
       to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or the
       conduct of foreign affairs; or

     (B) any disclosure to the Special Counsel of the Merit Systems
     Protection Board, or to the Inspector General of an agency or
     another employee rated by the head of the agency to receive such
     disclosures, of information the employee or applicant reasonably
     believes evidences--

   (i) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or
       (ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of
       authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health
       and safety;
       _______________________________________________________________

     Title 5, United States Code

     Section 7211. Employees' right to petition Congress

     The right of employees, individually or collectively, to petition
     Congress or a Member of Congress, or to furnish information to
     either House of Congress, or to a committee or Member thereof, may
     not be interfered with or denied.
       _______________________________________________________________

     Title 10, United States Code

     Section 1034. Communicating with a Member of Congress or Inspector
     General; prohibition on retaliatory personnel actions

     (a) Restricting communications with Members of Congress and
     Inspector General prohibited.
   (1) No person may restrict a member of the armed forces in
       communicating with a Member of Congress or an Inspector General.
       (2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a communication that is
       unlawful.

     (b) Prohibition of retaliatory personnel actions. No person may take
     (or threaten to take) an unfavorable personnel action, or withhold
     (or threaten to withhold) a favorable personnel action, as a
     reprisal against a member of the armed forces for making or
     preparing a communication to a Member of Congress or an Inspector
     General that (under subsection (a)) may not be restricted. Any
     action prohibited by the preceding sentence (including the threat to
     take any action and the withholding or threat to withhold any
     favorable action) shall be considered for the purposes of this
     section to be a personnel action prohibited by this subsection.
       _______________________________________________________________

     TITLE VI-- PROTECTION OF CERTAIN NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION*
     [* Title VI was added by the Intelligence Identities Protection Act
     of 1982 (Public Law 97-200)]

        PROTECTION OF IDENTITIES OF CERTAIN UNITED STATES UNDERCOVER
           INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS, AGENTS, INFORMANTS, AND SOURCES

     Sec. 601.(a) Whoever, having or having had authorized access to
     classified information that identifies a covert agent, intentionally
     discloses any information identifying such covert agent to any
     individual not authorized to receive classified information, knowing
     that the information disclosed so identifies such covert agent and
     that the United States is taking affirmative measures to conceal
     such covert agent's intelligence relationship to the United States,
     shall be fined not more than $50,000 or imprisoned not more than ten
     years, or both.

     (b) Whoever, as a result of having authorized access to classified
     information, learns the identity of a covert agent and intentionally
     discloses any information identifying such covert agent to any
     individual not authorized to receive classified information knowing
     that the information disclosed so identifies such covert agent and
     that the United States is taking affirmative measures to conceal
     such covert agent's intelligence relationship to the United States,
     shall be fined not more than $25,000 or imprisoned not more than
     five years, or both.

     (c) Whoever, in the course of a pattern of activities intended to
     identify and expose covert agents and with reason to believe that
     such activities would impair or impede the foreign intelligence
     activities of the United States, discloses any information that
     identifies an individual as a covert agent to any individual not
     authorized to receive classified information, knowing that the
     information disclosed so identifies such individual and that the
     United States is taking affirmative measures to conceal such
     individual's classified intelligence relationship to the United
     States, shall be fined not more than $15,000 or imprisoned not more
     than three years, or both.

                           DEFENSES AND EXCEPTIONS

     Sec. 602.(a) It is a defense to a prosecution under section 601 that
     before the commission of the offense with which the defendant is
     charged, the United States had publicly acknowledged or revealed the
     intelligence relationship to United States of the individual the
     disclosure of whose intelligence relationship to the United States
     is the basis for the prosecution.

     (b)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), no person other than a person
     committing an offense under section 601 shall be subject to
     prosecution under section by virtue of section 2 or 4 of title 18,
     United States Code, or shall be subject to prosecution for
     conspiracy to commit an offense under such section.

     (2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply (A) in the case of a person who
     acted in the course of a pattern of activities intended to identify
     and expose covert agents and with reason to believe that such
     activities would impair or impede the foreign intelligence
     activities of the United States, or (B) in the case of a person who
     has authorized access to classified information.

     (c) It shall not be an offense under section 601 to transmit
     information described in such section directly to the Select
     Committee on Intelligence of the Senate or to the Permanent Select
     Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

     (d) It shall not be an offense under section 601 for an individual
     to disclose information that solely identifies himself as a covert
     agent.

                                   REPORT

     Sec. 603.(a) The President, after receiving information from the
     Director of Central Intelligence, shall submit to the Select
     Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select
     Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives an annual
     report on measures to protect the identities of covert agents, and
     on any other matter relevant to the protection of the identities of
     covert agents.

     (b) The report described in subsection (a) shall be exempt from any
     requirement for publication or disclosure. The first such report
     shall be submitted no later than February 1, 1983.

                        EXTRATERRITORIAL JURISDICTION

     Sec. 604. There is jurisdiction over an offense under section 601
     committed outside the United States if the individual committing the
     offense is a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully
     admitted to the United States for permanent residence (as defined in
     section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act).

                      PROVIDING INFORMATION TO CONGRESS

     Sec. 605. Nothing in this title may be construed as authority to
     withhold information from the Congress or from a committee of either
     House of Congress.

                                 DEFINITIONS

     Sec. 606. For the purposes of this title:

     (1) The term "classified information" means information or material
     designated and clearly marked or clearly represented, pursuant to
     the provisions of a statute or Executive order (or a regulation or
     order issued pursuant to a statute or Executive order), as requiring
     a specific degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure for
     reasons of national security.

     (2) The term "authorized", when used with respect to access to
     classified information, means having authority, right, or permission
     pursuant to the provisions of a statute, Executive order, directive
     of the head of any department or agency engaged in foreign
     intelligence or counterintelligence activities, order of any United
     States court, or provisions of any Rule of the House of
     Representatives or resolution of the Senate which assigns
     responsibility in the respective House of Congress for the oversight
     of intelligence activities.

     (3) The term "disclose" means to communicate, provide, impart,
     transmit, transfer, convey, publish, or otherwise make available.

     (4) The term "covert agent" means--

     (A) an officer or employee of an intelligence agency or a member of
     the Armed Forces assigned to duty with an intelligence agency--
   (i) whose identity as such an officer, employee, or member is
       classified information, and
       (ii) who is serving outside the United States or has within the
       five years served outside the United States; or

     (B) a United States citizen whose intelligence relationship to the
     United States is classified information, and--
   (i) who resides and acts outside the United States as an agent of, or
       informant or source of operational assistance to, an intelligence
       agency, or
       (ii) who is at the time of the disclosure acting as an agent of, or
       informant to, the foreign counterintelligence or foreign
       counterterrorism components of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;
       or

     (C) an individual, other than a United States citizen, whose past or
     present intelligence relationship to the United States is classified
     information and who is a present or former agent of, or a present or
     former informant or source of operational assistance to, an
     intelligence agency.

     (6) The term "intelligence agency" means the Central Intelligence
     Agency, a foreign intelligence component of the Department of
     Defense, or the foreign counterintelligence or foreign
     counterterrorism components of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

     (6) The term "informant" means any individual who furnishes
     information to an intelligence agency in the course of a
     confidential relationship protecting the identity of such individual
     from public disclosure.

     (7) The terms "officer" and "employee" have the meanings given such
     terms by section 2104 and 2105, respectively, of title 5, United
     States Code.

     (8) The term "Armed Forces" means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine
     Corps, and Coast Guard.

     (9) The term "United States," when used in a geographic sense, means
     all areas under the territorial sovereignty of the United States and
     the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

     (10) The term "pattern of activities" requires a series of acts with
     a common purpose or objective.
       _______________________________________________________________

                   Executive Order 12958 of April 17, 1995
                             60 Fed. Reg. 19825
                  CLASSIFIED NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
       _______________________________________________________________

                          Implementing Rule of the
              "Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement"

     Subpart B--Prescribed Forms

     Sec. 2003.20 Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement: SF 312;
     Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement: SF 189; Classified
     Information Nondisclosure Agreement
     (Industrial/Commercial/Non-Government): SF 189-A.

     (a) SF 312, SF 189, and SF 189-A are nondisclosure agreements
     between the United States and an individual. The prior execution of
     at least one of these agreements, as appropriate, by an individual
     is necessary before the United States Government may grant that
     individual access to classified information. From the effective date
     of this rule, the SF 312 shall be used in lieu of both the SF 189
     and the SF 189-A for this purpose. In any instance in which the
     language in the SF 312 differs from the language in either the SF
     189 or SF 189-A, agency heads shall interpret and enforce the SF 189
     or SF 189-A in a manner that is fully consistent with the
     interpretation and enforcement of the SF 312.

     (b) All employees of executive branch departments, and independent
     agencies or offices, who have not previously signed the SF 189, must
     sign the SF 312 before being granted access to classified
     information. An employee who has previously signed the SF 189 is
     permitted, at his or her own choosing, to substitute a signed SF 312
     for the SF 189. In these instances, agencies shall take all
     reasonable steps to dispose of the superseded nondisclosure
     agreement or to indicate on it that it has been superseded.

     (c) All Government contractor, licensee, and grantee employees, or
     other non-Government personnel requiring access to classified
     information in the performance of their duties, who have not
     previously signed either the SF 189 or the SF 189-A, must sign the
     SF 312 before being granted access to classified information. An
     employee who has previously signed either the SF 189 or the SF 189-A
     is permitted, at his or her own choosing, to substitute a signed SF
     312 for either the SF 189 or the SF 189-A. In these instances,
     agencies, with the cooperation of the pertinent contractor, licensee
     or grantee, shall take all reasonable steps to dispose of the
     superseded nondisclosure agreement or to indicate on it that it has
     been superseded.

     (d) Agencies may require other persons, who are not included under
     paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section, and who have not previously
     signed either the SF 189 or the SF 189-A, to execute SF 312 before
     receiving access to classified information. A person in such
     circumstances who has previously signed either the SF 189 or the SF
     189-A is permitted, at his or her own choosing, to substitute a
     signed SF 312 for either the SF 189 or the SF 189-A. In these
     instances, agencies shall take all reasonable steps to dispose of
     the superseded nondisclosure agreement or to indicate on it that it
     has been superseded.

     (e) The use of the "Security Debriefing Acknowledgement" portion of
     the SF 312 is optional at the discretion of the implementing agency.

     (f) An authorized representative of a contractor, licensee, grantee,
     or other non-Government organization, acting as a designated agent
     of the United States, may witness the execution of the SF 312 by
     another non-Government employee, and may accept it on behalf of the
     United States. Also, an employee of a United States agency may
     witness the execution of the SF 312 by an employee, contractor,
     licensee or grantee of another United States agency, provided that
     an authorized United States Government official or, for government
     employees only, a designated agent of the United States subsequently
     accepts by signature the SF 312 on behalf of the United States.

     (g) The provisions of the SF 312, the SF 189, and the SF 189-A do
     not supersede the provisions of Section 2302, Title 5, United States
     Code, which pertain to the protected disclosure of information by
     Government employees, or any other laws of the United States.

     (h) (1) Modification of the SF 189.

     The second sentence of Paragraph 1 of every executed copy of the is
     SF 189 is clarified to read:

     As used in this Agreement, classified information is marked or
     unmarked classified information, including oral communications, that
     is classified under the standards of Executive Order 12356, or under
     any other Executive order or statute that prohibits the unauthorized
     disclosure of information in the interest of national security; and
     unclassified information that meets the standards for classification
     and is in the process of a classification determination as provided
     in Sections 1.1(c) and 1.2(e) of Executive Order 12356, or under any
     other Executive order or statute that requires protection for such
     information in the interest of national security.

     (2) Scope of "classified information"

     As used in the SF 312, the SF 189, and the SF 189-A, "classified
     information" is marked or unmarked classified information, including
     oral communications and unclassified information that meets the
     standards for classification and is in the process of a
     classification determination, as provided in Section 1.1(c) and
     1.2(e) of Executive Order 12356 or any other or Executive order that
     requires interim protection for certain information while a
     classification determination is pending. "Classified information"
     does not include unclassified information that may be subject to
     possible classification at some future date, but is not currently in
     the process of a classification determination.

     (3) Basis for liability.

     A party to the SF 312, SF 189, or SF 189-A may be liable for
     disclosing "classified information" only if he or she knows or
     reasonably should know that: (i) the marked or unmarked information
     is classified, or meets the standards for classification and is in
     the process of a classification determination; and (ii) his or her
     action will result, or reasonably could result in the unauthorized
     disclosure of that information. In no instance may a party to the SF
     312, SF 189 or SF 189-A be liable for violating its nondisclosure
     provisions by disclosing information when, at the time of the
     disclosure, there is no basis to suggest, other than pure
     speculation, that the information is classified or in the process of
     a classification determination.

     (4) Modification of the SF 312, SF 189, and SF 189-A

     (i) Each executed copy of the SF 312, SF 189 and SF 189-A, whether
     executed prior to or after the publication of this rule, is amended
     to include the following Paragraphs 10 and 11.

     10. These restrictions are consistent with and do not supersede,
     conflict with or otherwise alter the employee obligations, rights or
     liabilities created by Executive Order 12356; Section 7211 of Title
     5, United States Code (governing disclosures to Congress); Section
     1034 of Title 10, United States Code, as amended by the Military
     Whistleblower Protection Act (governing disclosure to Congress by
     members of the military); Section 2302 (b)(8) of Title 5, United
     States Code, as amended by the Whistleblower Protection Act
     (governing disclosures of illegality, waste, fraud, abuse or public
     health or safety threats); the Intelligence Identities Protection
     Act of 1982 (50 U.S.C. 421 et seq.) (governing disclosures that
     could expose confidential Government agents), and the statutes which
     protect against disclosure that may compromise the national
     security, including Sections 641, 793, 794, 798, and 952 of Title
     18, United States Code, and Section 4(b) of the Subversive
     Activities Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. Section 783(b)). The definitions,
     requirements, obligations, rights, sanctions and liabilities created
     by said Executive Order and listed statutes are incorporated into
     this Agreement and are controlling.

     11. I have read this Agreement carefully and my questions, if any,
     have been answered. I acknowledge that the briefing officer has made
     available to me the Executive Order and statutes referenced in this
     Agreement and its implementing regulation (32 CFR Section 2003.20)
     so that I may read them at this time, if I so choose.

     (ii) The first sentence of Paragraph 7 of each executed copy of SF
     312, SF 189 and SF 189-A, whether executed prior to or after the
     publication of this rule, is amended to read:

   I understand that all classified information to which I have access or
       may obtain access by signing this Agreement is now and will remain
       the property of, or under the control of the United States
       Government unless and until otherwise determined by an authorized
       official or final ruling of a court of law.

     The second sentence of Paragraph 7 of each executed copy of the SF
     312 (September 1988 version), SF 189 and SF 189-A, which reads, "I
     do not now, nor will I ever, possess any right, interest, title or
     claim whatsoever to such information," and whether executed prior to
     or after the publication of this rule is deleted.

     (i) Points of clarification.

     (1) As used in Paragraph 3 of SF 189 and SF 189-A, the word
     "indirect" refers to any situation in which the knowing, willful or
     negligent action of a party to the agreement results in the
     unauthorized disclosure of classified information even though the
     party to the agreement does not directly communicate, deliver or
     transmit classified information to a person who is not authorized to
     receive it.

     (2) As used in Paragraph 7 of SF 189, "information" refers to
     "classified information," exclusively.

     (3) As used in the third sentence of Paragraph 7 of SF 189 and 3-A,
     the words "all materials which have, or may have, come into my
     possession," refer to "all classified materials which have or may
     come into my possession," exclusively.

     (j) Each agency must retain its executed copies of the SF 312, SF
     189, and SF 189-A in file systems from which an agreement can be
     expeditiously retrieved in the event that the United States must
     seek its enforcement or a subsequent employer must confirm its prior
     execution. The original, or a legally enforceable facsimile that is
     retained in lieu of the original, such as microfiche, microfilm,
     computer disk, or electronic storage medium, must be retained for 50
     years following its date of execution. For agreements executed by
     civilian employees of the United States Government, an agency may
     store the executed copy of the SF 312 and SF 189 in the United
     States Office of Personnel Management's Official Personnel Folder
     (OPF) as a long-term (right side) document for that employee. An
     agency may permit its contractors, licensees and grantees to retain
     the executed agreements of their employees during the time of
     employment. Upon the termination of employment, the contractor,
     licensee or grantee shall deliver the original or legally
     enforceable facsimile of the executed SF 312, SF 189 or SF 189-A of
     that employee to the Government agency primarily responsible for his
     or her classified work. A contractor, licensee or grantee of an
     agency participating in the Defense Industrial Security Program
     shall deliver the copy or legally enforceable facsimile of the
     executed SF 312, SF 189 or SF 189-A of a terminated employee to the
     Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office. Each agency shall
     inform ISOO of the file systems that it uses to store these
     agreements for each category of affected individuals.

     (k) Only the National Security Council may grant an agency's request
     for a waiver from the use of the SF 312. To apply for a waiver, an
     agency must submit its proposed alternative nondisclosure agreement
     to the Director of ISOO, along with a justification for its use. The
     Director of ISOO will request a determination about the alternative
     agreement's enforceability from the Department of Justice prior to
     making a recommendation to the National Security Council. An agency
     that has previously received a waiver from the use of the SF 189 or
     the SF 189-A need not seek a waiver from the use of the SF 312.

     (l) The national stock number for the SF 312 is 7540-01-280-5499.

     [53 FR 38279, Sept. 29, 1988, as amended at 56 FR 2645, Jan. 23,
     1991; 56 FR 27559, June 14, 1991]
       _______________________________________________________________

                            QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

     This section includes a series of questions and answers that relate
     to the background and implementation of the SF 312.

     Question 1: What is the Information Security Oversight Office?

     Answer:
     Under Executive Order 12958, "Classified National Security
     Information," the Information Security Oversight Office (ISOO) is
     responsible for monitoring the security classification programs of
     all executive branch departments and agencies that create or handle
     national security information. In National Security Decision
     Directive No. 84, March 11, 1983, the President directed ISOO to
     develop and issue a standardized classified information
     nondisclosure agreement to be executed by all cleared persons as a
     condition of access to classified information.

     Question 2: What is the purpose of the SF 312?

     Answer:
     The primary purpose of the SF 312 is to inform employees of (a) the
     trust that is placed in them by providing them access to classified
     information; (b) their responsibilities to protect that information
     from unauthorized disclosure; and (c) the consequences that may
     result from their failure to meet those responsibilities. Secondly,
     by establishing the nature of that trust, those responsibilities,
     and those consequences in the context of a contractual agreement, if
     that trust is violated, the United States will be in a better
     position to prevent an unauthorized disclosure or to discipline an
     employee responsible for such a disclosure by initiating a civil or
     administrative action.

     Question 3: Upon what legal authority is the SF 312 based?

     Answer:
     The direct legal bases for the issuance of SF 312 are Executive
     Order 12958, in which the President authorizes the Director of ISOO
     to issue standardized security forms; and National Security Decision
     Directive No. 84 (NSDD 84), in which the President directs ISOO to
     issue a standardized classified information nondisclosure agreement.
     Both E.O.. 12958 and NSDD 84 are based on the President's
     constitutional responsibilities to protect national security
     information. These responsibilities derive from the President's
     powers as Chief Executive, Commander-in-Chief, and the principal
     architect of United States foreign policy.

     Nondisclosure agreements have consistently been upheld by the
     Federal courts, including the Supreme Court, as legally binding and
     constitutional. At every stage of the development and implementation
     of the SF 312 and its predecessors, the SF 189 and the SF 189-A,
     experts in the Department of Justice have reviewed their
     constitutionality and enforceability under existing law. The most
     recent litigation over the SF 189 resulted in a decision that upheld
     its basic constitutionality and legality.

     Question 4: Who must sign the SF 312?

     Answer:
     Executive Order 12958 dated April 17, 1995, requires that a person
     may have access to classified information provided that that person
     meets three requirements, one of which is signing an approved
     nondisclosure agreement. National Security Decision Directive No.
     84, dated March 11, 1983, also provides that: "All persons with
     authorized access to classified information shall be required to
     sign a nondisclosure agreement as a condition of access." Therefore,
     each person at the time that he or she is cleared for access to
     classified information, or each person who has been cleared
     previously and continues to require access to classified information
     must sign the SF 312, unless he or she has previously executed one
     or more of the following:
   (a) The SF 189, for cleared employees in both Government and industry;
       (b) The SF 189-A, for cleared employees within industry; or
       (c) A nondisclosure agreement for which the National Security
       Council has granted a waiver from the use of the SF 312, the SF 189
       or the SF 189-A, as provided in 32 CFR 2003.20.

     By tradition and practice, United States officials who hold
     positions prescribed by the Constitution of the United States are
     deemed to meet the standards of trustworthiness for eligibility for
     access to classified information. Therefore, the President, the Vice
     President, Members of Congress, Supreme Court Justices, and other
     federal judges appointed by the President and confirmed by the
     Senate need not execute the SF 312 as a condition of access to
     classified information.

     Question 5: Are all Members of Congress entitled to unlimited access
     to classified information?

     Answer:
     No. Access to classified information is a function of three
     preconditions: (1) A determination of a person's trustworthiness,
     i.e., the security clearance; (2) the signing of an approved
     nondisclosure agreement; and (3) the exercise of the "need-to-know"
     principle, i.e., access is necessary in order to perform one's job.
     Members of Congress, as constitutionally elected officials, are not
     ordinarily subject to clearance investigations nor does ISOO's rule
     implementing the SF 312 require that Members of Congress sign the SF
     312 as a condition of access to classified information. Members of
     Congress are not exempt, however, from fulfilling the "need-to-know"
     requirement. They are not inherently authorized to receive all
     classified information, but agencies provide access as is necessary
     for Congress to perform its legislative functions, for example, to
     members of a committee or subcommittee that oversees classified
     executive branch programs. Frequently, access is governed in these
     situations by ad hoc agreements or rules to which the agency head
     and the committee chairman agree.

     The three basic requirements for access to classified information
     mentioned in the opening paragraph apply to congressional staffs as
     well as executive branch employees. ISOO's regulation implementing
     the SF 312 provides that agency heads may use it as a non-disclosure
     agreement to be signed by non-executive branch personnel, such as
     congressional staff members. However, agency heads are free to
     substitute other agreements for this purpose.

     Question 6: Is an employee who signed an SF 312, SF 189 or SF 189-A
     in a prior position required to sign an SF 312 in a new position
     that also involves access to classified information?

     Answer:
     The SF 312 and its predecessors have been purposely designed so that
     new nondisclosure agreements need not be signed upon changing jobs
     Therefore, ordinarily the answer is no. However, if the location and
     retrieval of a previously signed agreement cannot be accomplished in
     a reasonable amount of time or with a reasonable amount of effort,
     the execution of the SF 312 may be practicable or even necessary.
     Also, a person who has signed the SF 189-A, which was designed
     exclusively for non-Government employees, would be required to sign
     the SF 312 if he or she began working for a Government agency in a
     position that required access to classified information.

     Question 7: Should a person who does not now have a security
     clearance but who may very well have such a clearance in the future
     sign the SF 312?

     Answer:
     No. The SF 312 should be signed only by persons who already have a
     security clearance or are being granted a security clearance at that
     time. It is inappropriate to have any uncleared person sign the SF
     312, even if that person may have a need to be cleared in the near
     future.

     Question 8: Should a person who has a security clearance but has no
     occasion to have access to classified information be required to
     sign the SF 312?

     Answer:
     Since every cleared person must sign a nondisclosure agreement, the
     routine answer to this question is "yes." However, there are
     employees who have questioned executing a nondisclosure agreement on
     the basis that they have not had access to classified information
     over a lengthy period of time. Persons who do not require access to
     classified information should not have or retain security
     clearances. Therefore, the agency or contractor in such a situation
     should first determine the need for the retention of the security
     clearance. If its retention is unnecessary or speculative, the
     clearance should be withdrawn through established procedures and the
     employee should not sign the SF 312. If the agency or contractor
     determines a legitimate, contemporaneous need for the employee's
     clearance, the employee must sign the SF 312.

     Question 9: Must an employee execute the SF 312 at the time he or
     she is briefed about the requirement to do so?

     Answer:
     No. An employee who requests additional time to consider his or her
     decision to execute the SF 312 should be provided a reasonable
     amount of time to do so. The particular circumstances of the
     situation must govern what is a reasonable amount of time. In every
     situation, however, the agency or contractor should give the
     employee a written determination of the additional time that he or
     she shall have to make that decision. Also, in any situation in
     which there is a delay in the execution of the SF 312, the employee
     should be advised of the criminal, civil or administrative
     consequences that may result from the unauthorized disclosure of
     classified information, even though the individual has not yet
     signed the nondisclosure agreement.

     Question 10: What happens if a person who has not signed either the
     SF 189 or SF 189-A refuses to sign the SF 312?

     Answer:
     As provided by presidential directive and executive order, the
     execution of an approved nondisclosure agreement shall be a
     condition of access classified information. Therefore, an agency
     shall take those steps that are necessary to deny a person who has
     not executed an approved nondisclosure agreement any further access
     to classified information. In accordance with agency regulations and
     procedures, the affected party's security clearance she either be
     withdrawn or denied. For purposes of meeting this condition for
     access, the approved nondisclosure agreements include any of the
     following:

   (a) The SF 312, for cleared employees in both Government and industry;
       (b) The SF 189, for cleared employees in both Government and
       industry;
       (c) The SF 189-A, for cleared employees within industry; or
       (d) A nondisclosure agreement for which the National Security
       Council has granted a waiver from the use of the SF 312, the SF 189
       or the SF 189-A, as provided in 32 CFR 2003.20.

     While the refusal to sign a required nondisclosure agreement
     directly affects the withdrawal or denial of a security clearance,
     this, in turn, may also lead to adverse employment actions,
     including removal. The agency or contractor should advise each
     affected employee of the particular consequences that will or may
     result from his or her refusal to sign a required nondisclosure
     agreement.

     Question 11: How does the SF 312 differ from the SF 189 and SF
     189-A?

     Answer:
     The most obvious difference between the SF 312 and the SF 189 and
     the SF 189-A is that the SF 312 has been designed to be executed by
     both Government and non-Government employees. The SF 312 differs
     from the SF 189 and SF 189-A in several other ways as well.

   First, the term "classifiable information," which has now been removed
       from paragraph 1 of the SF 189 by regulation, does not appear in
       the 312.
       Second, the modifiers "direct" and "indirect," which appear in
       Paragraph 3 of both the SF 189 and SF 189-A, do not appear in the
       new nondisclosure agreement.
       Third, the "Security Debriefing Acknowledgement," which appears in
       the SF 189-A but not the SF 189, is included in the SF 312. Its use
       is optional at the discretion of the implementing agency.
       Fourth, the SF 312 includes specific references to marked or
       unmarked classified information and information that is in the
       process of a classification determination. These references have
       now been added to the SF 189 by regulation.
       Fifth, the SF 312 specifically references a person's responsibility
       in situations of uncertainty to confirm the classification status
       of information before disclosure.

     The SF 312 also contains several other editorial changes which
     clarify perceived ambiguities in the predecessor forms.
     Notwithstanding these changes, the SF 312 does not in any way differ
     from the SF 189 and SF 189-A with respect to the substance of the
     classified information that each has been designed to protect.

     Question 12: For purposes of the SF 312, what is "classified
     information?"

     Answer:
     As used in the SF 312, the SF 189, and the SF 189-A, "classified
     information" is marked or unmarked classified information, including
     oral communications; and unclassified information that meets the
     standards for classification and is in the process of a
     classification determination, as provided in Sections 1.2 and 1.4(e)
     of Executive Order 12958 or under any other Executive order or
     statute that requires interim protection for certain information
     while a classification determination is pending. "Classified
     information" does not include unclassified information that may be
     subject to possible classification at some future date, but is not
     currently in the process of a classification determination.

     The current Executive order and statute under which "classified
     information," as used in the SF 312, is generated are Executive
     Order 12958, "Classified National Security Information," and the
     Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.

     Question 13: What is the threshold of liability for violating the
     nondisclosure provisions of the SF 312?

     Answer:
     A party to the SF 312, SF 189 or SF 189-A may be liable for
     disclosing "classified information" only if he or she knows or
     reasonably should know that: (a) the marked or unmarked information
     is classified, or meets the standards for classification and is in
     the process of a classification determination; and (b) his or her
     action will result, or reasonably could result in the unauthorized
     disclosure of that information. In no instance may a party to the SF
     312, SF 189 or SF 189-A be liable for violating its nondisclosure
     provisions by disclosing information when, at the time of the
     disclosure, there is no basis to suggest, other than pure
     speculation, that the information is classified or in the process of
     a classification determination.

     Question 14: May the language of the SF 312 be altered to suit the
     preferences of an individual signer?

     Answer:
     No. The SF 312 as drafted has been approved by the National Security
     Council as meeting the requirements of NSDD 84, and by the
     Department of Justice as an enforceable instrument in a court of
     law. An agency may not accept an agreement in which the language has
     been unilaterally altered by the signer.

     Question 15: Why are there separate entries on the SF 312 for the
     person who witnesses its execution by the employee and the person
     who accepts the agreement on behalf of the Government? Must
     different persons perform each function?

     Answer:
     In most circumstances, one person may serve as both the witness and
     acceptor of the SF 312, and, in these cases, both entries should be
     affixed to the SF 312 at the time of execution. Different persons
     must perform each function only when a person authorized to witness
     the execution of the SF 312 in a particular situation is not
     authorized to accept it on behalf of the United States in that same
     situation. Then, the entry as witness should be affixed to the SF
     312 at the time of execution, and the entry as acceptor should be
     affixed by an authorized person as soon as possible after execution.

     Any executive branch employee may witness the execution of the SF
     312 by a Government or non-Government employee.

     An agency employee specifically authorized to do so may accept on
     behalf of the United States an SF 312 executed by either an employee
     of that agency or a non-Government employee whose clearance is
     granted through that agency.

     An authorized representative of a contractor, licensee, grantee, or
     other Government organization, designated to act as an agent of the
     United States may witness and accept an SF 312 executed by an
     employee of that same organization.

     Question 16: Does the SF 312 conflict with the "whistleblower"
     statute?

     Answer:
     The SF 312 does not conflict with the "whistleblower" statute (5
     U.S.C. sec. 2302). The statute does not protect employees who
     disclose classified information without authority. If an employee
     knows or reasonably should know that information is classified,
     provisions of the "whistleblower statutes" should not protect that
     employee from the consequences of an unauthorized disclosure.

     In addition, Executive Order 12958, Sec. 1.8(a), specifically
     prohibits classification "in order to: (1) conceal violations of
     law, inefficiency, or administrative error; (2) to prevent
     embarrassment to a person, organization, or agency; (3) to restrain
     competition; or (4) to prevent or delay the release of information
     that does not require protection in the interest of national
     security." This provision was included in the Order to help prevent
     the classification of information that would most likely be the
     concern of whistleblowers.

     Finally, there are remedies available to whistleblowers that don't
     require the unauthorized disclosure of classified information. There
     are officials within the Government who are both authorized access
     to classified information and who are responsible for investigating
     instances of reported waste, fraud, and abuse. Further, each agency
     must establish procedures under which authorized holders of
     information are encouraged and expected to challenge the
     classification of information that they believe is improperly
     classified or unclassified. These procedures must ensure that: (1)
     individuals are not subject to retribution for bringing such
     actions; (2) an opportunity is provided for review by an impartial
     official or panel; and (3) individuals are advised of their right to
     appeal agency decisions to the Interagency Security Classification
     Appeals Panel established by section 5.4 of Executive Order 12958.

     Question 17: Must a signatory to the SF 312 submit any materials
     that he or she contemplates publishing for prepublication review by
     the employing or former employing agency?

     Answer:
     No. There is no explicit or implicit prepublication review
     requirement in the SF 312, as there is none in the SF 189 and SF
     189-A. However, if an individual who has had access to classified
     information is concerned that something he or she has prepared for
     publication may contain classified information, that individual
     should be encouraged to submit it to his or her current or last
     employing agency for a voluntary review. In this way the individual
     will minimize the possibility of a subsequent action against him or
     her as a result of an unauthorized disclosure.

     Question 18: Why do the obligations to protect classified
     information under the SF 312 extend beyond the duration of an
     employee's clearance?

     Answer:
     The terms of the SF 312 specifically state that all obligations
     imposed on the signer "apply during the time [the signer is] granted
     access to classified information, and at all times thereafter." This
     provision recognizes that the duration of the national security
     sensitivity of classified information rarely has any relationship to
     the duration of any particular individual's clearance. The injury to
     the United States that may result from an unauthorized disclosure is
     not dependent on the current status of the discloser.

     The obligations imposed by the SF 312 apply to classified
     information. If particular information has been declassified, under
     the terms of the SF 312 there is no continuing nondisclosure
     obligation on the part of the signer. Further, the signer of the SF
     312 may initiate a mandatory review request to seek the
     declassification of specified classified information, including
     information to which the signer has access.

     Question 19: If information that a signer of the SF 312 knows to
     have been classified appears in a public source, for example, in a
     newspaper article, may the signer assume that the information has
     been declassified and disseminate it elsewhere?

     Answer:
     No. Information remains classified until it has been officially
     declassified. Its disclosure in a public source does not declassify
     the information. Of course, merely quoting the public source in the
     abstract is not a second unauthorized disclosure. However, before
     disseminating the information elsewhere or confirming the accuracy
     of what appears in the public source, the signer of the SF 312 must
     confirm through an authorized official that the information has, in
     fact, been declassified. If it has not, further dissemination of the
     information or confirmation of its accuracy is also an unauthorized
     disclosure.

     Question 20: What civil and administrative actions may the
     Government take to enforce the SF 312?

     Answer:
     Among the civil actions that the Government may bring in Federal
     court are the application for a court order enjoining the
     publication or other disclosure of classified information; suits for
     money damages to recompense the United States for the damages caused
     by an unauthorized disclosure; and suits to require the forfeiture
     to the United States of any payments or other monetary or property
     gains that have resulted or may result from an unauthorized
     disclosure.

     The scope of prospective administrative actions depends on whether
     the person alleged to have violated the SF 312 is a Government or
     non-Government employee. A Government employee would be subject to
     the entire range of administrative sanctions and penalties,
     including reprimand, suspension, demotion or removal, in addition to
     the likely loss of the security clearance.

     In situations involving an unauthorized disclosure by a
     non-Government employee, the action will focus on the relationship
     between the Government and the organization that employs the
     individual. The Government cannot remove or otherwise discipline a
     non-Government employee, but it can, and in all likelihood will
     revoke the security clearance of that employee, and prevent the
     employing organization from using that employee on classified
     projects. The Government may also move against the employing
     organization in accordance with the terms of their relationship. For
     example, in a Government contract situation, the Government may move
     to terminate the contract or to seek monetary damages from the
     contractor, based on the terms of the contract.

     Although the enforcement of the SF 312, as a contractual instrument,
     is limited to civil or administrative actions, the Government may
     also criminally prosecute individuals or organizations that are
     alleged to have violated a criminal statute that involves the
     unauthorized disclosure of classified information. These criminal
     statutes are listed in the SF 312, and are reprinted in this
     booklet.

     Question 21: How long must executed copies of the SF 312 be
     retained? Where must they be stored? Can they be retained in a form
     other than the original paper copy?

     Answer:
     The originals or legally enforceable facsimiles of the SF 312 must
     be retained for 50 years following the date of execution.
     Ordinarily, microforms and other reproductions, such as computer
     disks or electronic storage media, are legally enforceable in the
     absence of the originals. Each agency must retain its executed
     copies of SF 312 in a file system from which the agreement can be
     expeditiously retrieved in the event that the United States must
     seek their enforcement. For agreements executed by civilian
     employees of the United States Government, an agency may store the
     executed copy of the SF 312 and the SF 189 in the United States
     Office of Personnel Management's Official Personnel Folder(OPF) as a
     long-term (right side) document for that employee.

     An agency may permit its contractors, licensees and grantees to
     retain the executed agreements of their employees during the time of
     employment. Upon termination of employment, the contractor, licensee
     or grantee shall deliver the original or legally enforceable
     facsimile of the executed SF 312, SF 189 or SF 189-A of that
     employee to the Government agency primarily responsible for his or
     her classified work. A contractor, licensee or grantee of an agency
     participating in the National Industrial Security Program, for which
     the Department of Defense is acting as the Cognizant Security
     Agency, shall deliver the copy of the legally enforceable facsimile
     of the executed SF 312, SF 189 or SF 189-A of a terminated employee
     to the Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office.

     Question 22: May the signer keep a copy of the executed SF 312?

     Answer:
     Ordinarily, a signer of the SF 312 who requests a copy of the
     executed form may keep one. Only in the extraordinary situation in
     which one of the signatures on the agreement reveals a classified
     relationship, resulting in the classification of that particular
     form, may the signer not keep a copy.

     Question 23: Are Restricted Data and Formerly Restricted Data,
     classified under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, included
     in the definition for "classified information," as used in the SF
     312?

     Answer:
     Yes.
       _______________________________________________________________

                              Standard Form 312
               CLASSIFIED INFORMATlON NONDISCLOSURE AGREEMENT

                             (SF 312; Rev. 1-00)

     AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN (Name of Individual) AND THE UNITED STATES

     1. Intending to be legally bound, I hereby accept the obligations
     contained in this Agreement in consideration of my being granted
     access to classified information. As used in this Agreement,
     classified information is marked or unmarked classified information,
     including oral communications, that is classified under the
     standards of Executive Order 12958, or under any other Executive
     order or statute that prohibits the unauthorized disclosure of
     information in the interest of national security; and unclassified
     information that meets the standards for classification and is in
     the process of a classification determination as provided in
     Sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4(e) of Executive Order 12958, or under
     any other Executive Order or statute that requires protection for
     such information in the interest of national security. I understand
     and accept that by being granted access to classified information,
     special confidence and trust shall be placed in me by the United
     States Government.

     2. I hereby acknowledge that I have received a security
     indoctrination concerning the nature and protection of classified
     information, including the procedures to be followed in ascertaining
     whether other persons to whom I contemplate disclosing this
     information have been approved for access to it, and that I
     understand these procedures.

     3. I have been advised that the unauthorized disclosure,
     unauthorized retention, or negligent handling of classified
     information by me could cause damage or irreparable injury to the
     United States or could be used to advantage by a foreign nation. I
     hereby agree that I will never divulge classified information to
     anyone unless: (a) I have officially verified that the recipient has
     been properly authorized by the United States Government to receive
     it: or (b) I have been given prior written notice of authorization
     from the United States Government Department or Agency (hereinafter
     Department or Agency) responsible for the classification of the
     information or last granting me a security clearance that such
     disclosure is permitted. I understand that if I am uncertain about
     the classification status of information I am required to confirm
     from an authorized official that the information is unclassified
     before I may disclose it, except to a person as provided in (a) or
     (b) above. I further understand that I am obligated to comply with
     laws and regulations that prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of
     classified information.

     4. I have been advised that any breach of this Agreement may result
     in the termination of any security clearances I hold; removal from
     any position of special confidence and trust requiring such
     clearances; or the termination of my employment or other
     relationships with the Departments or Agencies that granted my
     security clearance or clearances. In addition, I have been advised
     that any unauthorized disclosure of classified information by me may
     constitute a violation, or violations, of United States criminal
     laws, including the provisions of Sections 641, 793, 794, 798, 952,
     and 1924, Title 18, United States Code, the provisions of Section
     783(b), Title 50, United States Code, and the provisions of the
     Intelligence Identities Protection Act of 1982. I recognize that
     nothing in this Agreement constitutes a waiver by the United States
     of the right to prosecute me for any statutory violation.

     5. I hereby assign to the United States Government all royalties,
     remunerations, and emoluments that have resulted, will result or may
     result from any disclosure, publication, or revelation of classified
     information not consistent with the terms of this Agreement.

     6. I understand that the United States Government may seek any
     remedy available to it to enforce this Agreement including, but not
     limited to, application for a court order prohibiting disclosure of
     information in breach of this Agreement.

     7. I understand that all classified information to which I have
     access or may obtain access by signing this Agreement is now and
     will remain the property of, or under the control of the United
     States Government unless and until otherwise determined by an
     authorized official or final ruling of a court of law. I agree that
     I shall return all classified materials which have, or may come into
     my possession or for which I am responsible because of such access:
     (a) upon demand by an authorized representative of the United States
     Government; (b) upon the conclusion of my employment or other
     relationship with the Department or Agency that last granted me a
     security clearance or that provided me access to classified
     information; or (c) upon the conclusion of my employment or other
     relationship that requires access to classified information. If I do
     not return such materials upon request, I understand that this may
     be a violation of Section 793, Title 18, United States Code, a
     United States criminal law.

     8. Unless and until I am released in writing by an authorized
     representative of the United States Government, I understand that
     all conditions and obligations imposed upon me by this Agreement
     apply during the time I am granted access to classified information,
     and at all times thereafter.

     9. Each provision of this Agreement is severable. If a court should
     find any provision of this Agreement to be unenforceable, all other
     provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

     10. These restrictions are consistent with and do not supersede,
     conflict with or otherwise alter the employee obligations, rights or
     liabilities created by Executive Order 12958; section 7211 of Title
     5, United States Code (governing disclosures to Congress); section
     1034 of Title 10,United States Code, as amended by the Military
     Whistleblower Protection Act (governing disclosure to Congress by
     members of the military); section 2302(b)(8) of Title 5, United
     States Code, as amended by the Whistleblower Protection Act
     (governing disclosures of illegality, waste, fraud, abuse or public
     health or safety threats); the Intelligence Identities Protection
     Act of 1982 (50 U.S.C. 421 et seq.) (governing disclosures that
     could expose confidential Government agents), and the statutes which
     protect against disclosure that may compromise the national
     security, including Sections 641, 793, 794, 798, 952, and 1924 of
     Title 18, United States Code, and Section 4(b) of the Subversive
     Activities Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. Section 783(b)). The definitions,
     requirements, obligations, rights, sanctions and liabilities created
     by said Executive Order and listed statutes are incorporated into
     this Agreement and are controlling.

     11. I have read this Agreement carefully and my questions, if any,
     have been answered. I acknowledge that the briefing officer has made
     available to me the Executive Order and statutes referenced in this
     Agreement and its implementing regulation (32 CFR Section 2003.20)
     so that I may read them at this time, if I so choose.

     Signature
     Date
     Social Security Number
     Organization (If Contractor, Licensee, Grantee or Agent, Provide:
     Name, Address, and If Applicable, Federal Supply Code Number)

     WITNESS
     The Execution of this Agreement was witnessed by the Undersigned:
     Signature
     Date
     Name and Address

     ACCEPTANCE
     The Undersigned Accepted this Agreement on Behalf of the United
     States Government:
     Signature
     Date
     Name and Address
       _______________________________________________________________

     SECURITY DEBRIEFING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

     I reaffirm that the provisions of the espionage laws, other federal
     criminal laws and executive orders applicable to the safeguarding of
     classified information have been made available to me; that I have
     returned all classified information in my custody; that I will not
     communicate or transmit classified information to any unauthorized
     person or organization; that I will promptly report to the Federal
     Bureau of Investigation any attempt by an unauthorized person to
     solicit classified information, and I (have) (have not) (strike out
     inappropriate word or words) received a security debriefing.

     Signature of Employee
     Date
     Name of Witness
     Signature of Witness

Published on January 1, 2000

60 min read